Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 576    Christoph Harbsmeier g zhī xu zh wèi jǐ [ 古之學者 ] -/n/ 為己 -/n/ ancient ‘ s study subject - which work - for self “The scholars of old worked (each) for themselves.” Plural collective anaphora refers back to all the members of the anteced- ent set “X -{n} ” 此 -{n} 必有變，君不如殺之 -{ n} 。 cǐ bì y u biàn, jūn bù-rú sh zhī these must have revolt you had - better kill them “These people are sure to revolt, you should kill them.” Anaphoric relations in classical Chinese differ importantly from those found in languages like English or German. For a detailed summary of anaphora and co-reference relations in classical Chinese grammar the reader must be referred to my draft paper “Co-reference Relations in Classical Chi- nese”. A detailed Powerpoint presentation coreference relation in classical Chinese with over 200 structurally different examples is available. Co-referent X -n versus X -[n’] , or X -s versus scope X -[s’] For a word like yì 亦 -(n) “(like- this) -wise > also” which has incorporated reference to an X -n one must distinguish between the co-referent to which yì 亦 -(n) makes anaphoric co-reference X -n and the scope which yì 亦 -(n) governs or refers back to, which is written as X -[n’] . An example will make clear how this is supposed to work: 舜 -n 人也，我 -[n’] 亦 -(n) 人也； Shùn r n y , w yì r n y shun man judge / ye ego like - this - wise man judge / ye Shùn -n is a person. (But) I -[n’] am also -(n) a person.” Shùn is the point of comparison yì 亦 “also” refers back to, and w 我 is what is being compared or contrasted to that point of comparison. Scope relations can coexist with anaphoric relations: [ 古之人 ] -n 皆 [ 用之 ] -v ，吾 -[n’] 何為獨 -(n) 不然 -v ？ g zhī r n ji yòng zhī old ‘ s man all / jie use it / zhi . i what for alone / du not like - this / ran “The ancients all used it, why should I not do so?”