Проблемы китайского и общего языкознания. К 90-летию С. Е. Яхонтова

 577  A Summary of Classical Chinese Analytic Syntax...   Here is a tricky case of anaphoric relations across various predicative expressions: Occasionally one wants to say that anaphoric correlations obtain between omitted constituents and between constituents of different syntactic types. Ø -nx 人 -pred 而 -(pred) Ø -nx [ 不能言 ] -[pred’] Ø -nx 何以為人 r n r bù n ng y n h yǐ w i r n person and / yi not able speak what use be man “Someone who is a person but in spite of that is in incapable of speaking, by what means can he count as a person?” We must take r n 人 “is a man” predicatively like 不能言 “is incapable of speaking”. NOTE: Implicit lexicalised deictic/indexical reference may be marked with square brackets in the subscript “X -[i] ”, as in l i 來 -[i] ARRIVE “arrive [at this place] ”, qù 去 -[i] LEAVE “leave [this place] ”. In the standard syntactic notation of TLS these verbs would be interpreted as transitive verbs with a lexically determinate implicit object, i. e. vt[oN] . But the important point is that the lexicalised reference is deictic and not anaphoric. A detailed grasp of the grammatical conventions of anaphora, co-refer- ence, and scope in classical Chinese are essential for the interpretation of the texts. Since they are not covered by any analysis of syntactic categories with their adjacent relations they need detailed separate treatment. Further Reading: 梅廣，上古漢語語法，台北：三民， 2015.